Addressing people by their title is very important in Chinese. In English you will be used to addressing people by their first name, however Chinese is more formal. With the exception of colleagues, friends and family, you should generally address people by their title.
Table of Contents
What is a Chinese Honorific
A honorific is a title that conveys respect and courtesy to a person’s position and is the equivalent of calling someone “Mr Brown” or “Dr Smith“ in English. In Chinese honorifics are commonly used to address people with whom you are not familiar. It is also important to realise that honorifics are placed after a persons surname in Chinese, so instead of “Mr Wang”, the order is “Wang Mr”
In this post I will cover occupational titles. If you wish to know how to address your family, spouse or extended family, check out my post here.
Chinese names – Romanisation
It is important to understand that the format of Chinese names is Surname followed by given names, which is the opposite of English. The Chinese word for name is
It is important to understand that Chinese given names can be either one or two characters. Where a Chinese given name has two characters it is written without a space and the second character is not capitalised, thus the standard way or writing
Finally, when writing Chinese names in English, the Pinyin tones are often not used, thus Zhōu Ēnlái would be written as Zhou Enlai.
The correct way to add a title to someones name in Chinese
In Chinese a title is always added after the persons name, as respect is given to a persons family name first and foremost. Thus for example Mr Wang is written in Chinese as “Wang Mister” and Doctor Wang would be written as “Wang Doctor”. This is the opposite of English where we add the title in front of a persons name.
How to say Mr, Mrs, Miss and Ms in Chinese
In Chinese it is very important to address people with Mr, Mrs or Miss. The Chinese words for Mr, Mrs, Miss and Ms are:
-
Mr:
先 生 (xiānshēng) For example “Mr Wang”王 先 生 (wáng xiānshēng) -
Mrs:
太 太 (tàitài), for example “Mrs Zhang”张 太 太 (zhāng tàitài) -
Miss:
小 姐 (xiǎojiě), for example “Miss Li”李 小 姐 (lǐ xiǎojiě) -
Ms:
女 士 (nǚshì), for example “Ms Liu”刘 女 士 (liú nǚshì)
A few notes:
-
“Miss”
小 姐 (xiǎojiě) has a negative meaning in some parts of China as it is associated with being a prostitute. It is okay to use this is a formal setting - “Ms”
女 士 (nǚshì) is a polite way to address a woman that is loosely equivalent to “Ms” in English.女 士 should be used with a woman’s maiden name.
Do Chinese woman take their husbands name?
In Mainland China and many countries with ethnic Chinese such as Malaysia and Singapore, women do not take their husbands name when they marry. A notable exception is Chinese who migrate to Western countries or ethnic Chinese of Western countries, that is Chinese who are born in Western countries, in both cases these women may choose to take their husbands name.
Nicknames in Chinese – xiǎomíng – 小名
Nick names are known as “xiǎomíng”
Nicknames are commonly used by friends and at work with close colleagues. If you are meeting someone for the first time but already know their nick name, I recommend waiting for them to ask you to call them by their nick name before you do so.
English names in Chinese
It has become more popular for Chinese to give themselves an English name. Foreign names, including English names, are usually translated phonetically, meaning based on how they sound. Please check out my posts on Female English name translations and Male English name translations to find your name.
Asking how to address someone in Chinese
In some cases it is best to ask someone what they prefer to be called to avoid addressing them incorrectly. To ask someone what they prefer to be called you use the word “to address”
wǒ gāi zěnme chēnghu nǐ?
Broken down this means:
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wǒ | gāi | zěnme | chēnghu | nǐ |
I | should | how | address | you |
To ask someone what their name you use the word “to call”
What are you called? (What is your name?)
你 nǐ 叫 jiào 什 shén 么 me 名 míng 字 zi
nǐ jiào shénme míngzì
To respond you would simply say:
I’m called <Name>
我 wǒ 叫 jiào <name>
wǒ jiào <name>
You can also say your name is:
My name is <surname)
<name> / / s s t t r r o o n n g g > > e e m m > > s s t t r r o o n n g g > > 我 wǒ 的 de 名 míng 字 zi 是 shì
wǒ de míngzì shì <name>
In both cases you could respond with either your full name or just your given name depending on how familiar you are with the person asking.
In a situation such as during hotel check-in you might respond saying your surname. Here you use the Chinese word for surname
My surname (is) <surname>
<surname> / / s s t t r r o o n n g g > > e e m m > > s s t t r r o o n n g g > > 我 wǒ 姓 xìng
wǒ xìng <surname>
You can also use
What is your surname?
/ / s s t t r r o o n n g g > > e e m m > > s s t t r r o o n n g g > > 你 nǐ 姓 xìng 什 shén 么 me ? ?
nǐ xìng shénme?
You might notice text books teaching you to ask someone their surname by saying
How to address people at work in Chinese
How to address your colleagues in Chinese
Depending on how close you are to your colleagues there are a number of ways you can address them:
- If you are not familiar with them then it is safe to call them by either:
- Their full name, as previously discussed the surname always comes first, that is <surname> <given name(s)> or
- As Mr or Mrs, again where their surname is followed by Mr
先 Xiān 生 sheng (xiānshēng) or Mrs太 tài 太 tai (tàitài)
- If you are familiar with your colleague you can call them:
- If they have a two character given name, then you can call them by their given name
- Sometimes where they have a single character given name their name is simply repeated. for example Weiwei
伟 wěi 伟 wěi (wěiwěi). - By their nickname, see my brief description of nicknames above.
- Sometimes you might refer to younger colleagues as little
小 xiǎo ( xiǎo) + their <surname> e.g. “little Wang”小 xiǎo 王 wáng (xiǎo wáng). I’d suggest following the lead of others in the office as to whether to use this. - Sometimes you might refer to older colleagues as Old
老 lǎo (lǎo) + <surname> e.g. “Old Wang”大 dà 王 wáng (dàwáng). This isn’t saying your colleague is old but is mean as a acknowledging their seniority in age and can be taken as a form of endearment. Again I’d listen to what others in the office call colleagues and not use 老 to address all of your older colleagues!
How to address your boss in Chinese
When addressing your boss you can call them
- As Mr
先 Xiān 生 sheng (xiānshēng) or Mrs太 tài 太 tai (tàitài), for example Mr Zhang张 zhāng 先 Xiān 生 sheng (zhāng xiānshēng) or王 wáng 太 tài 太 tai (wáng tàitài) - As head or chief
总 zǒng (zǒng) for example “Chief/head Zhang”张 zhāng 总 zǒng (zhāng zǒng) - As boss
老 lǎo 板 bǎn (lǎobǎn) - If you are very close to your boss you might address them in the same way you address colleagues (see above), however keep in mind that Chinese is more formal than some English speaking countries so being on a first name basis is not as common.
None of these terms are more correct than the other, however if you are new I would suggest calling your boss Mr or Mrs followed by their surname.
How to address subordinates in Chinese
If you have staff who report to you, or are simply addressing more junior employees, a good approach is to just refer to them by their full name, which is perfectly acceptable and common in Chinese. Alternatively if you are more familiar with a subordinate you might call them by
- Their given name, but only when their given name is two characters
- Their nick name, see above
- As
小 xiǎo + <surname> where they are younger than you. - As
老 lǎo + <surname> where they are a reasonable number of years older than you, perhaps the same age as your father.
How to address your customers in Chinese
For formal situations refer to your customer as Mr or Mrs and their surname in the standard <surname> + <title> format
For situations less formal you might refer to your customer by their full name or if you are close you can refer to them as you would a colleague or friend. Be careful not to do this unless you are sure that they comfortable with this.
How to address classmates in Chinese
Although it is technically correct to call your classmates “fellow student”
Chinese | English | Pronunciation (Pinyin) |
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Older Male Classmate – “Senior” | xué zhǎng |
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Younger Male Classmate | xué dì |
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Older Female Classmate | xué jiě |
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Younger Female Classmate | xué mèi |
You’ll notice that all of the above words start with the character “to study”
-
学 xué 弟 dì is:“study”学 xué (xué) + the character for “younger brother”弟 dì (dì) -
学 xué 姐 jiě is: “study”学 xué (xué) + the character for “older sister”姐 jiě (jiě) -
学 xué 妹 mèi is: “study”学 xué (xué) + the character for “younger sister”妹 mèi (mèi)
The
If you were addressing all your classmates, you can simply address them as
You can also individually refer to class mates as you would friends, that is by either
- Their full name i.e. surname + given names
- Their nick name
- As older or younger classmate (see above)
- As older or younger brother or sister i.e.
- “older brother”
大 dà 哥 gē (dàgē) - “older sister
大 dà 姐 jiě (dàjiě) - “younger brother”
小 xiǎo 哥 gē (xiǎogē) - “little sister’
小 xiǎo 妹 mèi (xiǎomèi)
- “older brother”
How to address children in Chinese
As an adult you can address a child as
Examples of this might be a teacher greeting her class in the morning:
[Teacher]
孩子们早上好!
Children, good morning!
[Children]
lǎoshī zǎoshang hǎo!
Teacher, good morning!
You can also refer to a child as literally “little friend”
How to address strangers in Chinese
There are a handful of common ways to address strangers including shop assistants, restaurant staff or small business owners in Chinese that are essential vocabulary:
English | Chinese | Pinyin Pronunciations |
Mr |
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xiānshēng |
Miss / ma’am |
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nǚshì |
Waiter or Waitress |
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fúwùyuán |
Boss / Small business owner |
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lǎobǎn |
Master (Skiller person, driver, etc) |
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shīfù |
Assistant |
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yíngyèyuán |
Miss |
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xiǎojiě |
Mate / Buddy / Dude |
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huǒjì |
Uncle |
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shūshu |
Auntie |
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āyí |
I have covered Mr
“Waiter” – fúwùyuán 服务员
fúwùyuán
- Hotel staff
- Customer service people
- Attendants
“Boss” – lǎobǎn 老板
lǎobǎn
- The restaurant manager or senior person (not the waiter)
- A small business owner, including the person you find siting behind the counter in a small shop who you could reasonably assume owns the business
- A senior person in any business
“Master” – shīfù 师傅
shīfù
- Drivers, including taxi drivers
- A doorman
- A security guard
- A cobbler (shoe repairer)
- A maintenance person
- An air conditioner installer
”Assistant” – yíngyèyuán 营业员
yíngyèyuán
- Service Person
- Clerk
- Sales Person
“Uncle” – shūshu 叔叔 and “Auntie” – āyí 阿姨
Calling someone who is older than you Auntie or Uncle is very common and polite. Technically
How to address a girl or boy who is approximately your age
If you are reasonably young, perhaps a teenager or in your twenties, you can call a girl měinǚ
Chinese Occupational Titles
This is a comprehensive list of titles and forms of address, however there are a few special forms of address which I would like to specifically highlight a few common forms of address
How to address a doctor in Chinese
This are a list of common titles for doctors and their meaning:
Literal Meaning | Chinese | Pinyin Pronunciations | Notes |
Medical Master |
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yīshī | Used for doctors of traditional medicine |
Medical Scholar |
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yīshēng | Used for doctors of both traditional and western medicine |
Great Man |
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dàfū | This is a more casual for of address for a doctor |
How to address teachers and professors in Chinese
A teacher should be addressed as
Complete list of occupations and forms of address in Chinese
Below is a comprehensive list of titles and occupations. You will find that in addressing people in Chinese the title is often added after their family name, so for example
English | Chinese | Pinyin Pronunciation |
accountant |
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kuàijìshī |
actor |
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nán yǎnyuán |
actor (gender neutral) |
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yǎnyuán |
actress |
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nǚ yǎnyuán |
network administrator |
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júyùwǎng guǎnlǐ yuán |
medical insurance administrator |
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yīliáo bǎoxiǎn guǎnlǐ |
applications programmer |
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yìngyòng ruǎnjiàn chéngxù yuán |
architect |
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jiànzhú shī |
artist |
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yìshùjiā |
assistant customer executive |
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kèhù guǎnlǐ zhùlǐ |
personnel assistant |
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rénshì zhùlǐ |
store manager assistant |
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shāngdiàn jīnglǐ zhùlǐ |
assistant vice-president |
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fù zǒngcái zhùlǐ |
assistant vice-president of human resources |
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rénlì zī yuán fù zǒngcái zhùlǐ |
associate professor |
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fùjiàoshòu |
astronaut |
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yǔháng yuán |
attendant |
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fúwùyuán |
auditor |
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shěnjì yuán |
auto mechanic |
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qìchē jìgōng |
baker |
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hōng péi shī |
barber |
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lǐfǎ shī |
baseball player |
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bàngqiú xuǎnshǒu |
bell boy |
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mén tóng |
bellhop |
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lǚguǎn de xínglǐ yuán |
benefits coordinator |
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yuángōng fúlì xiétiáo yuán |
garbage collector |
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qīngjié gōng, lèsè gōng |
blacksmith |
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tiějiàng |
boxer |
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quánjí shǒu |
branch manager |
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bùmén jīnglǐ |
broker (agent) |
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jīngjì rén |
budgeteer |
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yùsuàn biānzhì zhě |
bus driver |
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gōngchē sījī / bāshì sījī |
businessman |
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shāngrén |
butcher |
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túfū, ròu shāng |
buyer |
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cǎigòu yuán |
captain |
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chuánzhǎng |
carpenter |
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mùjiàng |
cartoonist |
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mànhuà jiā |
cashier |
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chūnà yuán |
chairman |
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zǒngcái |
chef |
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chúshī |
chemist |
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huàxué shī |
claims examiner |
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zhǔ kǎoguān |
clerk |
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diànyuán |
cobbler |
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zhì (bǔ) xiéjiàng |
compensation manager |
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xīnchóu jīnglǐ |
computer operations supervisor |
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diànnǎo cāozuò zhǔguǎn |
computer operator |
|
diànnǎo cāozuò yuán |
computer programmer |
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chéngxù yuán |
construction worker |
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jiànzhú gōngrén |
controller(general) |
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guǎnlǐ yuán |
controller(international) |
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guójì jiānguǎn |
cook |
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chúshī |
cowboy |
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niúzǎi |
customs officer |
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hǎiguān guānyuán |
dancer |
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wǔdǎoyǎnyuán |
dancer |
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wǔ zhě |
dentist |
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yáyī |
dentist |
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yákē yīshēng |
designer |
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shèjì shī |
desk clerk |
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jiēdài yuán |
detective |
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zhēntàn |
developmental engineer |
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kāifā gōngchéngshī |
director |
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jīnglǐ |
director of human resources |
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rénlì zīyuán zǒngjiān |
director of information services |
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xìnxī fúwù zhǔguǎn |
director of operations |
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yùnyíng zǒngjiān |
district manager |
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shì qū jīnglǐ |
doctor (medical doctor) |
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dàfū |
doctor (of traditional medicine) |
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yīshī |
doctor (ph.d) |
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bóshì |
doctor (traditional or western medicine) |
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yīshēng |
door-to-door salesman |
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tuīxiāo yuán |
driver |
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sījī |
dustman |
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qīngjié gōng |
editor |
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biānjí |
electrician |
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diàngōng |
employer relations representative |
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yuángōng guānxì dàibiǎo |
employment consultant |
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zhāomù gùwèn |
engineer |
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gōngchéngshī |
executive and managerial |
|
guǎnlǐ bùfèn |
executive marketing director |
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shìchǎng xíngzhèng zǒngjiān |
facility manager |
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hòuqín jīnglǐ |
farmer |
|
nóng rén |
farmer |
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nóngfū |
fashion designer |
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shízhuāng shèjì shī |
field assurance coordinator |
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tǔdì dānbǎo xiétiáo yuán |
firefighter |
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xiāofáng yuán |
fisherman |
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yúfū |
florist |
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huā shāng |
flyer |
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fēixíngyuán |
food service manager |
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shípǐn fúwù jīnglǐ |
gardener |
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huā jiàng (yuándīng) |
gas station attendant |
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jiāyóu gōng |
general manager |
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zǒng jīnglǐ |
graduate |
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bìyè shēng |
guard |
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jǐngwèi |
guide |
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dǎoyóu |
hardware engineer |
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yìngjiàn gōngchéngshī |
hiredresseer |
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lǐfǎ shī, měiróng shī (nǚ) |
hmo product manager |
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chǎnpǐn jīnglǐ |
hospital administrator |
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yīyuàn guǎnlǐ |
housekeeper |
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guǎnjiā |
housewife |
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jiātíng zhǔfù |
human resources |
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rénlì zīyuán bùfèn |
import/export manager |
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jìn chūkǒu jīnglǐ |
information analyst |
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xìnxī fēnxī |
insurance claims controller |
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bǎoxiǎn rènlǐng guǎnlǐ yuán |
insurance coordinator |
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bǎoxiǎn xiétiáo yuán |
inventory manager |
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kùcún guǎnlǐ jīnglǐ |
janitor |
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qīngjié gōng |
job placement officer |
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rényuán pèizhì zhuānyuán |
journalist |
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jìzhě |
judge |
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fǎguān |
labor relations specialist |
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láodòng guānxì zhuānyuán |
lan systems analyst |
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xìtǒng fēnxī |
lawyer |
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lǜshī |
librarian |
|
túshū guǎnlǐ yuán |
life guard |
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Jiùshēng yuán |
magician |
|
móshù shī |
management consultant |
|
guǎnlǐ gùwèn |
manager |
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jīnglǐ |
manager of network administration |
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wǎngluò guǎnlǐ jīnglǐ |
manager of non-profit and charities |
|
fēi yínglì xìng císhàn jīgòu guǎnlǐ |
manufacturer/’s representative |
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chǎngjiā dàibiǎo |
manufacturing manager |
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zhìzào yè jīnglǐ |
market research analyst |
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shìchǎng tiáo chá fēnxī yuán |
marketing and sales |
|
shìchǎng yǔ xiāoshòu bùfèn |
marketing and sales director |
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shìchǎng yǔ xiāoshòu zǒngjiān |
marketing consultant |
|
shìchǎng gùwèn |
masseur |
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nán ànmó shī |
masseuse |
|
nǚ ànmó shī |
mathematician |
|
shùxué jiā |
mechanic |
|
jīxiè shī, jīxiū gōng |
merchandising manager |
|
cǎigòu jīnglǐ |
miner |
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kuànggōng |
it (computer) manager |
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diànnǎo bù jīnglǐ |
model |
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mótè ér |
monk |
|
héshàng, jiàoshì |
movie director |
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dǎo yǎn |
movie star |
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diànyǐng míngxīng |
musician |
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yīnyuè jiā |
nun |
|
nígū |
nurse |
|
hùshì |
office clerk |
|
zhíyuán |
office worker |
|
shàngbān zú |
operations analyst |
|
cāozuò fēnxī |
operations manager |
|
cāozuò jīnglǐ |
operator |
|
jiēxiànyuán |
parachutist |
|
tiàosǎn rén. |
personnel |
|
zhíyuán |
personnel consultant |
|
yuángōng gùwèn |
personnel manager |
|
zhíyuán jīnglǐ |
pharmacist |
|
yàojì shī |
photographer |
|
shèyǐng shī |
pilot |
|
fēixíngyuán |
planner |
|
jìhuà yuán |
policeman |
|
jǐngchá |
postal clerk |
|
yóuzhèng rényuán |
postman |
|
yóuchāi |
president |
|
zǒngtǒng |
product support manager |
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chǎnpǐn zhīchí jīnglǐ |
production manager |
|
shēngchǎn jīnglǐ |
program manager |
|
chéngxù guǎnlǐ jīnglǐ |
project manager |
|
xiàngmù jīnglǐ |
property manager |
|
fángdìchǎn jīnglǐ |
real estate appraiser |
|
fángdìchǎn pínggū shī |
recruiter |
|
zhāopìn rényuán |
regional manager |
|
qūyù jīnglǐ |
regional sales manager |
|
dìqū xiāoshòu jīnglǐ |
retail store manager |
|
língshòu diàn jīnglǐ |
sales assistant |
|
xiāoshòu zhùlǐ |
sales manager |
|
xiāoshòu jīnglǐ |
sales representative |
|
xiāoshòu dàibiǎo |
school principal |
|
xiàozhǎng |
secretary |
|
mìshū |
senior customer manager |
|
gāojí kèhù jīnglǐ |
service manager |
|
fúwù jīnglǐ |
singer |
|
gēshǒu |
soldier |
|
jūnrén |
statistician |
|
tǒngjì yuán |
systems engineer |
|
xìtǒng gōngchéngshī |
systems programmer |
|
xìtǒng chéngxù yuán |
tailor |
|
cáiféng shī |
teacher |
|
lǎoshī |
technical engineer |
|
jìshù gōngchéngshī |
technician |
|
jìshù rényuán |
tele-interviewer |
|
diànhuà diàochá yuán |
telecommunications manager |
|
diànxìn yè jīnglǐ |
training coordinator |
|
péixùn xiétiáo yuán |
training specialist |
|
péixùn zhuānyuán |
transportation manager |
|
yùnshū jīnglǐ |
typist |
|
dǎzì yuán |
vending manager |
|
shòu mǎi jīnglǐ |
vice-president |
|
fù zǒngcái |
vice-president of human resources |
|
rénlì zīyuán fù zǒngcái |
vice-president of sales |
|
xiāoshòu fù zǒngcái |
waiter |
|
shì yìng |
waiter / attendant |
|
fúwùyuán |
warehouse manager |
|
cāngkù jīnglǐ |
wholesale buyer |
|
pīfā cǎigòu yuán |
worker |
|
gōngrén |
How to say CEO in Chinese
If you’ve ever wondered how to address a CEO, CFO or other senior executives in Chinese, this is a useful list:
English | Chinese | Pinyin Pronunciations |
Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) |
|
shǒuxí xíngzhèng guān |
Chief Brand Officer (CBO) |
|
shǒuxí pǐnpái guān |
Chief Cultural Officer (CCO) |
|
shǒuxí wénhuà guān |
Chief Development Officer (CDO) |
|
shǒuxí kāifā guān |
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) |
|
shǒuxí zhíxíng guān |
Chief Finance Officer (CFO) |
|
shǒuxí cáiwù guān |
Chief Gonverment Officer (CGO) |
|
shǒuxí zhèngfǔ guānxì guān |
Chief Human Resource Officer |
|
shǒuxí rénshì guān |
Chief Information Officer (CIO) |
|
shǒuxí xìnxī guān |
Chief Knowledge Officer |
|
shǒuxí zhīshì guān |
Chief Legal Officer (CLO) |
|
shǒuxí fǎlǜ guān |
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) |
|
shǒuxí shìchǎng guān |
Chief Negotiation Officer (CNO) |
|
shǒuxí tánpàn guān |
Chief Operations Officer (COO) |
|
shǒuxí yùnyíng guān |
Chief Public Relation Officer |
|
shǒuxí gōngguān guān |
Chief Quality Officer |
|
shǒuxí zhìliàng guān |
Chief Research Officer |
|
yánjiū zǒngjiān |
Chief Solution Officer |
|
shǒuxí wèntí guān |
Chief Technology Officer |
|
shǒuxí jìshù guān |
Chief User Officer |
|
kèhù zǒngjiān |
Chinese XO (CXO) |
|
zhōngguó yángjiǔ |
Conclusion
Titles are commonly used in Chinese. Keep in mind that Chinese is more formal than many English speaking countries, so err on the side of caution and be more polite than you would normally be in English when addressing people; if the person you are speaking to thinks you are being too formal they will let you know to call them something more casual.