What’s the difference between 用 and 使用 in Chinese?

Both these words mean “to use” in Chinese, with the main difference being that 使shǐ用yòng (shǐ​yòng) is more formal while 用yòng (yòng) is more casual. Broken down both 使shǐ (shǐ) and 用yòng (yòng) mean “to use”.

You will see 使shǐ用yòng (shǐ​yòng) used more often in written form, especially in official usage, while 用yòng (yòng) is common for spoken Chinese and is more casual. It is especially common to see 使shǐ用yòng (shǐ​yòng) used in company or government documents, manuals, text books, etc.

In most cases 用yòng (yòng) and 使shǐ用yòng (shǐ​yòng) are interchangeable, for example 用yòng尺chǐ子zi。. (yòng chǐ​zi.) and 使shǐ用yòng尺chǐ子zi (shǐ​yòng chǐ​zi) both mean “use a ruler”.

用 and 使用 Examples

Here are some examples of 用yòng (yòng) and 使shǐ用yòng (shǐ​yòng):

I can use chopsticks?
我wǒ会huì用yòng筷kuài子zi??
wǒ huì yòng kuài​zi?

我wǒ
wǒ
I
会huì
huì
can
用yòng
yòng
use
筷kuài子zi
kuài​zi
chopsticks

Please use this.
请qǐng使shǐ用yòng这zhè个ge。.
qǐng shǐ​yòng zhè​ge.

请qǐng。.
qǐng.
please
用yòng
yòng
use
这zhè个ge
zhè​ge
this

Use a ruler.
用yòng尺chǐ子zi。.
yòng chǐ​zi.

用yòng
yòng
use
尺chǐ子zi
chǐ​zi
ruler

Use a ruler.
使shǐ用yòng尺chǐ子zi。.
shǐ​yòng chǐ​zi.

使shǐ用yòng
shǐ​yòng
use
尺chǐ子zi
chǐ​zi
ruler

When driving, don’t use a mobile phone.
开kāi车chē不bù要yào使shǐ用yòng手shǒu机jī。.
kāi​chē bù​yào shǐ​yòng shǒu​jī.

开kāi车chē
kāi​chē
(when) driving a card
Here “when” is implied and isn’t explicitly included in the sentence. You can include “when” by adding 时shí候hou (shí​hou), that is 开kāi车chē时shí候hou。.。.。. (kāi​chē shí​hou...)
不bù要yào
bù​yào
don’t
Literally this is “not” 不bù (bù) want 要yào (yào)
使shǐ用yòng
shǐ​yòng
use
手shǒu机jī
shǒu​jī
mobile phone
Literally “hand” 手shǒu (shǒu) + “phone“ 机jī (jī). This is similar to some other countries such as Malaysia where you may hear people calling a mobile or cell phone a “hand phone”.

Use safety glasses
使shǐ用yòng安ān全quán眼yǎn睛jing
shǐ​yòng ān​quán yǎn​jing

使shǐ用yòng安ān全quán眼yǎn睛jing
shǐ​yòng ān​quán yǎn​jing
use
使shǐ用yòng安ān全quán眼yǎn睛jing
shǐ​yòng ān​quán yǎn​jing
safety glasses
Broken down this is “safety” 安ān全quán眼yǎn睛jing (ān​quán yǎn​jing) + “glasses” 眼yǎn睛jing (yǎn​jing)